高速列车受电弓的低马赫数过渡式空腔射流降噪研究

doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2023.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受电弓及其空腔部位是高速列车主要的气动噪声源,降低这种噪声尤为重要。在以往的高速列车气动噪声研究中,对受电弓空腔部位的关注较少。针对高速列车受电弓及其空腔气动降噪问题,文中采用数值计算方法,研究简化的高速列车模型在350 km·h^-1下,受电弓空腔前缘射流降噪处理方式的流场特性和噪声传播规律。结果表明,在纯空腔前缘施加射流可以显著降低空腔内和受电弓附近的非定常流动,当射流速度为27 m·s^-1时,空腔后壁声源在空腔顶部和侧部辐射噪声的声压级降低最大值为5 dB,受电弓侧面监测点的噪声显著降低。文中研究为低马赫数下的过渡式空腔射流降噪研究提供了参考。

关键词: 数值仿真, 湍流模型, 高速列车, 气动声学, 受电弓空腔, 低马赫数, 过渡式腔, 射流降噪

Abstract:

The pantograph and its cavity are the main sources of aerodynamic noise in high-speed trains, and it is particularly important to reduce this noise. There is less attention paid to the pantograph cavity compared to the pantograph in previous studies on aerodynamic noise of high-speed trains. In view of the problem of aerodynamic noise reduction of high-speed train pantograph and its cavity, numerical calculation methods are utilized to investigate the flow field characteristics and the law of noise propagation of the simplified high-speed train model under the condition of 350 km·h^-1. The results show that the application of jet on the front edge of the pure cavity can significantly reduce the unsteady flow in the cavity and near the pantograph. When the jet velocity is 27 m·s^-1, the maximum reduction in sound source pressure level of radiated noise on the back wall to the top and side of the cavity is 5 dB, and the noise at the monitoring point on the side of the pantograph is significantly reduced. The proposed study provides a direction for the research of transitional cavity jet noise reduction under low Mach number.

Key words: numerical simulation, turbulence model, high-speed train, aeroacoustics, pantograph cavity, low Mach number, transitional cavity, jet noise reduction

中图分类号:

TP391.9

唐则男,苗晓丹,杨俭,袁天辰. 高速列车受电弓的低马赫数过渡式空腔射流降噪研究[J]. 电子科技, 2023, 36(4): 29-35.

TANG Zenan,MIAO Xiaodan,YANG Jian,YUAN Tianchen. Research on Low Mach Number Transitional Cavity Jet Noise Reduction of High-Speed Train Pantograph[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2023, 36(4): 29-35.

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

参考文献 19

[1]	沈志云. 高速列车的动态环境及其技术的根本特点[J]. 铁道学报, 2006, 28(4):1-5.
	Shen Zhiyun. Dynamic environment of high-speed train and its distinguished technology[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2006, 28(4):1-5.
[2]	Mellet C, Létourneaux F, Poisson F, et al. High speed train noise emission:Latest investigation of the aerodynamic/rolling noise contribution[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2006, 293(3-5):535-546. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.08.069
[3]	Plentovich E B, Stallings Jr L, Tracy M B. Experimental cavity pressure measurements at subsonic and transonic speeds. Static-pressure results[J]. Nasa Technical Paper, 1994, 39(4):687-714.
[4]	Ng Y T. Characterising low-speed, transitional cavity flow[J]. The Aeronautical Journal, 2016, 116(1185):1185-1199. doi: 10.1017/S0001924000007557
[5]	宁方立, 刘哲, 张畅通, 等. 可变形状空腔降噪效果研究[C]. 北京: 中国声学学会, 2019.
	Ning Fangli, Liu Zhe, Zhang Changtong, et al. Study on noise reduction effect of the morphing cavities[C]. Beijing: Chinese Society of Acoustics, 2019.
[6]	延浩, 黄文超, 潘凯, 等. 前缘射流对空腔噪声抑制效果的试验研究[J]. 装备环境工程, 2020, 17(9):106-112.
	Yan Hao, Huang Wenchao, Pan Kai, et al. Experiment on the effect of front-edge jet on cavity noise suppression[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2020, 17(9):106-112.
[7]	Kim H. Unsteady aerodynamics of high-speed train pantograph cavity flow control for noise reduction[C]. Lyon: Proceedings of the Twenty-second AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, 2016.
[8]	Kim H, Hu Z, Thompson D. Effect of cavity flow control on high-speed train pantograph and roof aerodynamic noise[J]. Railway Engineering Science, 2020, 28(1):54-74. doi: 10.1007/s40534-020-00205-y
[9]	黄凯莉, 袁天辰, 杨俭, 等. 基于射流的高速列车受电弓空腔气动噪声降噪方法[J]. 铁道学报, 2020, 42(7):50-56.
	Huang Kaili, Yuan Tianchen, Yang Jian, et al. Approach of reduction of aerodynamic noise of pantograph cavity of high-speed train based on jet[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2020, 42(7):50-56.
[10]	杨艳斌, 何伟, 郭彦军, 等. 两相旋流分离器矿浆内部流场及分离特性研究[J]. 电子科技, 2020, 33(4):55-60.
	Yang Yanbin, He Wei, Guo Yanjun, et al. Study on inte-rnal flow field and separation characteristics of two-phase cyclone separator[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2020, 33(4):55-60.
[11]	张亚东, 张继业, 张卫华. 高速受电弓气动噪声特性分析[J]. 铁道学报, 2017, 39(5):47-56.
	Zhang Yadong, Zhang Jiye, Zhang Weihua. Analysis of aerodynamic noise characteristics of high-speed pantograph[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2017, 39(5):47-56.
[12]	戚凯科, 袁天辰, 杨俭. 高速列车受电弓气动噪声降噪研究[J]. 计算机仿真, 2019, 36(9):173-180.
	Qi Kaike, Yuan Tianchen, Yang Jian. Research on aerodynamic noise reduction of high-speed train pantograph[J]. Computer Simulation, 2019, 36(9):173-180.
[13]	王洋洋, 周劲松, 宫岛, 等. 高速列车受电弓气动噪声分布特性及仿生降噪研究[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2018, 38(S1):348-352.
	Wang Yangyang, Zhou Jinsong, Gong Dao, et al. Study on bionic noise reduction and aerodynamic noise distribution characteristics for high-speed train’s pantographs[J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2018, 38(S1):348-352.
[14]	刘加利. 高速列车气动噪声特性分析与降噪研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2013.
	Liu Jiali. Study on characteristics analysis and aeroacoustics of high-speed trains[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2013.
[15]	陈龙, 伍贻兆, 夏健. 基于DES的高雷诺数空腔噪声数值模拟[J]. 计算力学学报, 2011, 28(5):749-753.
	Chen Long, Wu Yizhao, Xia Jian. High reynolds number cavity acoustic numerical simulation using DES[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, 2011, 28(5):749-753.
[16]	陈都. 基于脱体涡模拟方法的空腔流场计算研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2012.
	Chen Du. Numerical study on cavity flow field based on detached eddy simulation method[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
[17]	付建, 王永生, 靳栓宝, 等. LES和DES在流体动力噪声预报中的适用性分析[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2015(2):66-70.
	Fu Jian, Wang Yongsheng, Jin Shuanbao, et al. Applicability of LES and DES in fluid dynamic noise prediction[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2015(2):66-70.
[18]	刘俊, 杨党国, 王显圣, 等. 基于URANS与DDES方法的空腔近场噪声数值研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2016, 35(20):154-159.
	Liu Jun, Yang Dangguo, Wang Xiansheng, et al. Numerical study of cavity near-field noise based on URANS and DDES methods[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 35(20):154-159.
[19]	Rossiter J E. Wind-tunnel experiments on the flow over rectangular cavities at subsonic and transonic speeds[J]. Aeronautical Research Council, 1964(10):1-32.