基于遗传算法的平面麦克风阵列构型优化方法

doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2023.07.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在有限平面范围内使用较少的麦克风数量设计阵列构型,使得阵列具有更好的性能是声源定位系统中需解决的首要问题。文中提出了一种基于遗传算法的阵列优化方法,该方法以阵列波束方向图的主瓣宽度和旁瓣级为基础,兼顾麦克风的数量设计了遗传算法的适应度目标函数,通过改进遗传算法,使其在麦克风阵列优化的应用中得到实现。仿真结果表明,与传统的十字形和矩形平面均匀阵列相比,优化后的阵列构型在保证阵列性能的同时,可以减少麦克风的使用数量。相比于粒子群优化算法,改进遗传算法优化后的阵列具有更优异的性能。

关键词: 麦克风阵列, 遗传算法, 波束方向图, 主瓣, 旁瓣, 主瓣宽度, 旁瓣级, 粒子群算法

Abstract:

In the sound source localization system, the first problem to be solved is to use a smaller number of microphones and design an array configuration with better performance in a limited plane range. This sutdy proposes an array optimization method based on genetic algorithm to solve the problem. The design of the fitness objective function of the genetic algorithm comprehensively considers the array beam pattern, the width of the main lobe, the level of the side lobe and the number of microphones. By improving the genetic algorithm, the genetic algorithm can be realized in the application of microphone array optimization. The simulation results show that: compared with the traditional cross-shaped and rectangular planar regular arrays, the optimized array configuration can reduce the number of microphones used while ensuring the performance of the array. Compared with the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the array optimized by the improved genetic algorithm has better performance.

Key words: microphone array, genetic algorithm, beam pattern, main lobe, side lobe, main lobe width, sidelobe level, particle swarm algorithm

中图分类号:

TP912

张大桂,周志峰,张怡. 基于遗传算法的平面麦克风阵列构型优化方法[J]. 电子科技, 2023, 36(7): 24-31.

ZHANG Dagui,ZHOU Zhifeng,ZHANG Yi. Optimization Method of Planar Microphone Array Configuration Based on Genetic Algorithm[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2023, 36(7): 24-31.

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遗传算法	麦克风阵列	实现方式
基因	麦克风坐标	矩阵元素位置
染色体	麦克风	矩阵元素
个体	一个阵列	一个矩阵
种群	多个阵列	多个矩阵

	矩形阵列	优化后阵列
麦克风数M	81	40
主瓣宽度BW_-3_dB	141	209
旁瓣级SLL/dB	-12.953 8	-12.262 3

	十字形阵列	优化后阵列
麦克风数M	17	16
主瓣宽度BW_-3_dB	277	227
旁瓣级SLL/dB	-5.231 6	-7.160 6

仿真次数	主瓣宽度	主瓣宽度增长百分比/%	旁瓣级 /dB	旁瓣级增长百分比/%
1	267	27.75	-11.191 9	8.73
2	307	46.89	-11.717 4	4.44
3	305	45.93	-11.308 9	7.78
4	291	39.23	-11.884 0	3.09
5	319	52.63	-11.241 1	8.33

仿真次数	主瓣宽度	主瓣宽度增长百分比/%	旁瓣级 /dB	旁瓣级增长百分比/%
1	223	-1.76	-6.732 5	5.98
2	217	-4.41	-6.491 2	9.35
3	223	-1.76	-6.655 9	7.05
4	233	2.64	-6.663 4	6.95
5	227	0.00	-6.745 9	5.79