基于电磁仿真的冷坩埚电源参数优化

doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2024.11.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对实验成本高昂且影响参数庞杂等问题,文中利用COMSOL仿真软件建立φ100 mm冷坩埚实验装置的磁场仿真模型,开展高频电源以及线圈参数的仿真实验,并利用神经网络和模拟退火算法对最优高频电源参数组合进行预测。针对不同电流强度、频率、线圈高度、匝数、直径、间距条件下的冷坩埚磁场分布、涡流损耗以及能量利用率变化规律进行仿真实验。以仿真结果为学习样本的神经网络,可快速预测各种电源参数下的磁场和涡流损耗等数据。利用模拟退火算法预测最优电源参数组合。仿真结果表明,在参数优化后可保证在磁场强度和加热效率不变的前提下提高磁场均匀程度和熔制效果,并使能量利用率提高了68%,避免了能量浪费。初步验证了高频电源以及线圈参数优化对磁场分布和能量使用效率的改善效果,可为后续冷坩埚工程样机的电源参数与线圈参数的优化设计提供重要依据。

关键词: 冷坩埚, 高频电源, 电磁仿真, 神经网络, 模拟退火, 高放废液, 玻璃固化, COMSOL

Abstract:

In view of the problems of high cost and complicated parameters, the magnetic field simulation model of φ100 mm cold crucible experimental device is established by COMSOL simulation software, and the simulation experiments of high-frequency power supply and coil parameters are carried out. The optimal combination of high-frequency power supply parameters is predicted by neural network and simulated annealing algorithm. The magnetic field distribution, eddy current loss and energy utilization of cold crucible are simulated under different current intensity, frequency, coil height, turns, diameter and spacing. Based on the above simulation results, the neural network can quickly predict the magnetic field and eddy current loss under various power supply parameters, and finally use the simulated annealing algorithm to predict the optimal combination of power supply parameters. The simulation results show that after parameter optimization, the magnetic field uniformity can be greatly improved, the melting effect can be improved, the energy utilization rate can be increased by 68%, and energy waste can be avoided. These results preliminarily verify the improvement effect of high-frequency power supply and coil parameter optimization on magnetic field distribution and energy use efficiency, which can provide an important basis for the optimization design of power supply parameters and coil parameters of the following cold crucible engineering prototype.

Key words: cold crucible, high frequency power supply, electromagnetic simulation, neural network, simulated annealing algorithm, high level liquid waste, vitrification, COMSOL

中图分类号:

TP183

王泽学, 李玉松, 龙浩骑, 明玉周. 基于电磁仿真的冷坩埚电源参数优化[J]. 电子科技, 2024, 37(11): 70-77.

WANG Zexue, LI Yusong, LONG Haoqi, MING Yuzhou. Research on Parameter Optimization of Cold Crucible Power Supply Based on Electromagnetic Simulation[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2024, 37(11): 70-77.

图/表 17

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表3

电磁仿真结果指标定量化评价标准"

指标	评价标准	评价对象
玻璃液涡流损耗	$0, x < 800, x > 1 500 1, 800 ≤ x ≤ 1 200 x - 1 200 300, 1 200 < x ≤ 1 500$	玻璃液加热功率/W
能量利用率	$x 100, 0 ≤ x ≤ 70 1, x > 70$	能量利用 /%
平均磁感应强度	$x 3.5, x ≤ 3.5 1, x > 3.5$	玻璃液平均磁感应强/mT
磁场分布均匀性	$1 - x 4, x ≤ 4 0, x > 4$	磁场极值 /mT

表3

表4

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表5

图12

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组件	材料	电导率/S·m^-1
线圈	铜	5.998×107
坩埚	304不锈钢	1.37×106(20 ℃)
物料	全组分玻璃熔液	33.33(1 150 ℃)
空气域	空气	0

实验序号	固定条件	仿真实验变量
1~5	频率600 kHz,线圈高度50 mm, 匝数1匝,线圈直径140 mm	电流强度为300 A、400 A、 500 A、600 A、700 A
6~9	电流强度500 A,线圈高度50 mm, 匝数1匝,线圈直径140 mm	频率为400 kHz、500 kHz、 600 kHz、700 kHz、800 kHz
10~13	电流强度500 A,频率600 kHz, 匝数1匝,线圈直径140 mm	线圈高度为10 mm、30 mm、 50 mm、70 mm、90mm
14~17	电流强度500 A,频率600 kHz, 线圈高度50mm,线圈间距20 mm, 线圈直径140 mm	线圈匝数为1匝、2匝、3匝、 4匝、5匝
18~21	电流强度500 A,频率600 kHz, 匝数1匝,线圈高度50 mm	线圈直径为130 mm、135 mm、 140 mm、145 mm、150 mm
22~25	电流强度500 A,频率600 kHz, 匝数3匝,线圈直径140 mm, 线圈高度50 mm	线圈间距为15 mm、20 mm、 25 mm、30 mm、35 mm

实验序号	评价指标				评价结果
实验序号	涡流损耗/W	能量利用率/%	磁感应强度/mT	磁场分布均匀性/mT	评价结果
1	294.13	24.99	2.44	2.50	0.18
2	522.89	24.99	3.25	3.33	0.18
3	817.02	24.99	4.06	4.16	0.67
4	1176.5	24.99	4.87	5.00	0.67
5	1601.4	24.99	5.69	5.83	0.17
6	367.15	16.06	4.09	4.26	0.15
7	570.13	20.71	4.07	4.20	0.16
8	1107.5	28.88	4.09	4.14	0.69
9	1441.1	32.41	4.07	4.12	0.60
10	650.51	24.96	3.41	8.50	0.17
11	802.23	26.09	3.98	5.20	0.68
12	713.36	22.52	3.67	5.38	0.17
13	481.54	17.47	2.84	6.02	0.13
14	787.11	29.05	3.98	3.10	0.21
15	731.46	33.37	3.83	1.39	0.27
16	660.93	37.50	3.62	1.91	0.26
17	583.23	41.22	3.37	1.32	0.29
18	941.07	19.65	4.38	5.98	0.66
19	875.36	22.64	4.21	4.85	0.67
20	763.92	26.88	3.92	3.57	0.19
21	714.41	28.39	3.78	3.20	0.21
22	767.25	30.81	3.93	2.65	0.23
23	690.09	35.74	3.71	1.91	0.26
24	644.62	37.72	3.57	1.47	0.28
25	596.84	39.42	3.42	1.32	0.28

	基础模型仿真实验条件	优化后仿真实验条件
电流强度/A	500	658
频率/kHz	700	730
线圈匝数/匝	1	4
线圈直径/mm	140	168
线圈间距/mm	-	22
线圈高度/mm	50	47
涡流损耗/W	1 107.5	1 175.8
能量利用率/%	28.88	48.45
磁感应强度/mT	4.09	3.93
磁场极值差/mT	4.14	0.98
评价结果	0.69	0.82