用于晶体振荡器温度补偿的次方电压产生方法

doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2019.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了获得更高精度的时钟源,需要对晶体振荡器进行温度补偿以便减小频率随温度的变化。对比晶体振荡器不同的温度补偿方式,模拟温度补偿具有较高的性能,而模拟温度补偿电路的主要模块就是获取与温度成次方关系的补偿电压。文中采用了一种模拟乘法器的方法来获得与温度成不同指数关系的电压,在全差分放大器的输入端接入4个MOS管,利用其工作于线性区时的电流电压关系并结合全差分放大器来实现两个模拟量之间的相乘,进而获得与温度成1次方、2次方、3次方、4次方和5次方关系的补偿电压。获得的这些电压通过加和电路叠加后即可用于晶体振荡器的高阶温度补偿。通过仿真,得到全差分放大器的差模增益为78.6 dB,乘法器可以实现两个信号的相乘,且应用该方法进行补偿的晶体振荡器的频率偏移为±2 ppm。

关键词: 晶体振荡器, 模拟温度补偿, 四管乘法器, 全差分放大电路, 共模反馈, 次方电压产生

Abstract:

In order to obtain a more accurate clock source, the crystal oscillator was compensated to reduce the frequency variation with temperature. Compared with different temperature compensation methods of crystal oscillators, analog temperature compensation had higher performance. The focus of the analog temperature compensation circuit was to obtain the compensation voltage exponentially. This paper presented an analog multiplier method. Four MOSFETs were connected to the inputs of the fully differential amplifier. Combining the current-voltage relationship in the linear region multiplied the two analog signals. Different compensation voltages which were linear, quadratic, cubic, quadratic, and fifth power relationship with temperature would be generated. These voltages were superimposed by the summing circuit and could be used for high-order temperature compensation of the crystal oscillator. The differential mode gain of the fully differential amplifier was 78.6 dB, and the two inputs were multiplied by multiplier. Temperature stability of ±2 ppm deviation was achieved.

Key words: crystal oscillator, analog temperature compensation, four-tube multiplier, fully differential amplifier circuit, common mode feedback, exponential voltage

中图分类号:

TN492

孙晓化,王宏兴,张启东. 用于晶体振荡器温度补偿的次方电压产生方法[J]. 电子科技, 2019, 32(12): 22-26.

SUN Xiaohua,WANG Hongxing,ZHANG Qidong. Exponential Voltage Generation Method for Crystal Oscillator Temperature Compensation[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2019, 32(12): 22-26.

图/表 11

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

参考文献 17

[1]	Bennett, Roger E . Quartz resonator handbook: Manufacturing guide for “at” type units[M]. Niles:Comptometer Corp, 1960.
[2]	Gonazalez G . Foundations of oscillator circuit design[M]. Norwood:Artech House Inc., 2007.
[3]	Vig J R . Quartz crystal resonators and oscillators for frequency control and timing applications,a tutorial[J]. Nasa Sti/recon Technical Report N, 1993(8):359-368.
[4]	徐磊 . 一种高精度温度补偿晶体振荡器的算法研究及电路实现[D]. 西安:beoplay体育提现, 2014.
	Xu Lei . Design of high accuracy TCXO chip-algorithm analysis and Circuit design[D]. Xi’an: Xidian University, 2014.
[5]	吴培才, 刘进忙, 胡国平 . 温度补偿晶体振荡器[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 1994.
	Wu Peicai, Liu Jingmang, Hu Guoping. Temperature compensation crystal oscillator[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1994.
[6]	陈新伟, 于海洋, 徐华超 . 应用于TCXO的新型五次方电压发生器的设计[J]. 半导体集成电路, 2017,42(11):813-819.
	Chen Xinwei, Yu Haiyang, Xu Huachao . Design of a novel fifth-order voltage generator for TCXO[J]. Semiconductor Technology, 2017,42(11):813-819.
[7]	刘宇 . 一种超高频率稳定度的ATCXO电路的研究与设计[D]. 西安:beoplay体育提现, 2014.
	Liu Yu . An ultra-high frequency stability ATCXO circuit research and design[D]. Xi’an:Xidian University, 2014.
[8]	李玉国, 史振华 . 低成本、高稳定度、小体积恒温晶振的研制[C].武汉:全国压电和声波理论及器件技术研讨会暨2009年全国频率控制技术年会, 2009.
	Li Yuguo, Shi Zhenhua . Development of low cost, high stability and small size OCXO[C].Wuhan:Symposium on Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves and Device Applications (SPAWDA) and Symposium on Frequency Control Technology, 2009.
[9]	陆晓俊 . 低压低功耗CMOS模拟乘法器研究与设计[D]. 苏州:苏州大学, 2011.
	Lu Xiaojun . The research and design of low voltage low power CMOS analog multiplier[D]. Suzhou:Soochow University, 2011.
[10]	Adachi T, Izumiya S . A MOS temperature compensation function generator for TCXO using differential MOS multipliers [C].Besancon:IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Joint with the European Frequency and Time Forum, 2009
[11]	王春悦, 梁潇, 石文孝 . 基于改进的电流传送器的模拟乘法器设计[J]. 吉林大学学报:信息科学版, 2017,35(3):229-234.
	Wang Chunyue, Liang Xiao, Shi Wenxiao . Four-quadrant multiplier based on modified differential difference current conveyor[J]. Journal of Jilin University:Information Science Edition, 2017,35(3):229-234.
[12]	Prommee P, Somdunyakanok M, Kumngern M , et al. Single low-supply current-mode CMOS analog multiplier circuit [C].Bankok:International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2006.
[13]	艾伦霍尔贝格, 冯军, 李智群 . CMOS模拟集成电路设计[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2005.
	Allen Holberg, Feng Jun, Li Zhiqun. CMOS analog circuit design[M]. Beijing: Electronics Industry Press, 2005.
[14]	拉扎维 . 模拟CMOS集成电路设计[M]. 西安: 西安交通大学出版社, 2003.
	Razavi B. Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits[M]. Xi’an: Xi’an Jiaotong University Press, 2003.
[15]	桑森, 陈莹梅 . 模拟集成电路设计精粹[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2008.
	Sansen M C W, Chen Yingmei . Analog design essentials[M]. Beijng: Tsinghua University Press, 2008.
[16]	陈铖颖, 杨丽琼, 王统 . CMOS模拟集成电路设计与仿真实例:基于Cadence ADE[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2013.
	Chen Chengying, Yang Liqiong, Wang Tong. Design and simulation example of CMOS analog integrated circuit-base on cadence ADE[M]. Beijing: Electronics Industry Press, 2013.
[17]	陈营营, 马伟 . S波段负阻振荡器的设计[J]. 电子科技, 2017,30(4):11-14.
	Chen Yingying, Ma Wei . Design of S band negative resistance oscillator[J]. Electric Science and Technology, 2017,30(4):11-14.

补偿种类	实现方式	优点	缺点
直接模拟补偿方式	利用热敏电阻组成温度补偿网络	结构简单、体积小、价格低	芯片体积较大,功耗较高,补偿的精度低
间接模拟补偿方式	集成式的芯片间接进行模拟温度补偿	对温度的检测准确,补偿的温度范围宽	电路复杂,面积大
数字补偿方式	由温度传感器,时序控制器,A/D转换器,存储器,VCXO 电路构成	在很宽的温度范围内频率稳定性高	补偿数据离散,会发生跳变
微传感器补偿方式	用微处理器替代了数字补偿中的存储器和时序控制器	在数字温度补偿的基础上,进一步提高了输出频率的稳定性	补偿数据离散,外围电路复杂,不利于小型化