基于解析模型的永磁同步电机优化设计

doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2023.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

永磁同步电机的电磁转矩和涡流损耗是两个重要指标,在体积等限制条件下,有效提高电磁转矩并降低转子涡流损耗是电机设计的关键。针对这个问题,文中采用解析法,分别计算电磁转矩和涡流损耗,并采用粒子群优化算法,对电机尺寸参数进行优化设计。解析模型包括电枢反应磁场和空载磁场模型。在计算涡流损耗时考虑涡流反应、永磁体周向分段等,优化算法的目标函数并使用权值将多目标转换成单目标。通过解析解与时步有限元数值解的对比可看出,解析解的误差在2%左右。参数影响分析的响应面显示,在定子绕组节距为25°时,电磁转矩和涡流损耗相关性一致。优化迭代结果显示,优化设计降低了76%的平均涡流损耗、22%的平均电磁转矩和68%的电磁转矩波动。

关键词: 表贴式永磁同步电机, 解析模型, 扩散方程, 转子涡流损耗, 磁转矩, 有限元分析, 粒子群优化, 电机设计

Abstract:

Electromagnetic torque and eddy current loss are two important indexes of permanent magnet synchronous motor. Under the limited conditions of volume, effectively improving electromagnetic torque and reducing rotor eddy current loss are the key for motor design. In view of this problem, the analytical method is used to calculate the electromagnetic torque and eddy current loss respectively, and the PSO algorithm is used to optimize the size parameters of the motor. The analytical model includes armature reactive magnetic field and no-load magnetic field model. When calculating eddy current loss, eddy current reaction and circumferential segmentation of permanent magnet are considered. The objective function of the optimization algorithm uses weight values to convert multi-objective into single objective. The comparison between the analytical solution and the time-stepping finite element numerical solution shows that the error of the analytical solution is about 2%. The response surface of parameter influence analysis reveals that the correlation between electromagnetic torque and eddy current loss is consistent when the stator winding pitch is 25°. The optimization iteration results show that the optimized design reduces the average eddy current loss by 76%, the average electromagnetic torque by 22%, and the electromagnetic torque ripple by 68%.

Key words: surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine, analytic model, diffusion equation, rotor eddy-current losses, electromagnetic torque, finite element analysis, particle swarm optimization, motor design

中图分类号:

TP319

朱托,李正,张凯,李孜. 基于解析模型的永磁同步电机优化设计[J]. 电子科技, 2023, 36(3): 69-75.

ZHU Tuo,LI Zheng,ZHANG Kai,LI Zi. Optimal Design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Analytic Model[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2023, 36(3): 69-75.

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项目	符号	数值	单位
相电流幅值	I	250	A
转子转速	n_r	1 000	rad·min^-1
极对数	p	7	-
槽数	Q_s	12	-
每相绕组匝数	N	20	-
绕组节距	α_y	π/6	rad
每极永磁体分段数	s	2	-
极弧系数	α_p	0.9	-
电机轴向长度	L_a	0.1	m
定子内径	R_s	0.17	m
永磁体外径	R_m	0.168	m
转子轭外径	R_r	0.153	m
定子槽口宽	b₀	0.01	m
真空绝对磁导率	μ₀	4π·10^-7	H·m^-1
永磁体相对磁导率	μ_m	1.099 778 540 6	-
永磁体电导率	σ_m	625 000	S·m^-1